By Oyet Nathaniel Pierino
March 24, 2014 (SSNA) — What we see today as political crisis in South Sudan did not start today or yesterday. It is a culmination of many political events and leadership blunders, in political and military arena. Miscalculations by President Salva Kiir and his cliques are definitely responsible for stagnation in the political system and now genocide, massive destruction of property and loss of sovereignty of the new republic. President Kiir had been held in hollow high esteem as a man who succeeded Dr. John Garang De Mabior, a great man who fought for the liberation of oppressed people on this planet. While we may not need to recite the terrible sufferings and miseries of our people from the time of slave trade, foreign dominations, wars of liberation ; independence and survival and defense of our dignity.
I am talking of a man who squandered his legacy, legitimacy and now has blood of innocent women and children in his hands. I am always haunted by the worth of victims of massive killings, rapes and torture due to his leadership failures. At the moment, Amnesty International (AI), Human Right Watch (HRW) and UNMISS are investigating locations of at least eight big mass graves around Juba alone. As an eye witness, I do not need to speak more than I have seen. But whatever the case I know deep in my soul that president Kiir and his accomplice will account one day. One can only reap what he has sown.
People should not run away from truth or scratch the surface of South Sudan politics and issues. Truth told in good faith is better than mere and cheap propaganda whose validity can be tested false one day. I had a lot of headache while observing political blunders by a primary four dropout who at a tender age joint Sudan Armed forces military intelligence services, before joining the SPLM/A war in 1983. It is no surprise that despite sitting around Dr. John Garang for more than twenty years president Kiir learnt nothing.
My observations, researches and key informants from both inside and outside the government of South Sudan and Uganda have informed me of President Kiir leadership failures and contributions to the current political crisis beyond reasonable doubts that;
As early as 1993, there were sustained voices inside the SPLM/A ranks and files especially from the quarters of Dinka Bar el Gazel for Cdr. Salva Kiir (most senior) to take over leadership from Dinka Bor; Dr. John Garang. It apparently became clear in 2004 that he heeded to these voices. At the eve of signing the Comprehensive Peace Agreement of 2005, SPLM/A splited into two. One led by Cdr. Salva Kiir surrounded mainly by his military and politicians from Bar el Gazel including those from diaspora and the other remained under Dr. John Garang mainly successful military commanders and educated politicians from all over sections of South Sudan.
There are reports and confessions from inside South Sudan and Uganda government’s security apparatus that the unprecedented 2004 rift between Dr. John and Salva Kiir was a grand strategy and conspiracy aggravated internally by sub ethnic rivalry between the two and externally by geo political forces. In the region, Dr. John Garang’s military and political successes and his charismatic personality was making several leaders uncomfortable and that could not go unchallenged.
Death is a natural phenomenon; people would only be interested in its cause. The ill-fated chopper that crashed Dr. John Garang in the outlaying zone of Kidepo Park was a planned syndicates for the demised of the fallen hero and martyr. The current minister of interior Allieu Ayieny Allieu can bear me witness. While sources from Ugandan security system and associated press personnel indicates details account of how President Museveni conspired with some South Sudanese politicians and world powers to assassinate his childhood friend.
The death of Dr. John Garang on 30th July, 2005 was a relieve to his internal enemies but a great loss to the nation and the world at large. Many Southerners in anger took to the streets of Khartoum and in a matter of one day over 300 people died. There were those who died of heart attack, blood pressure and strokes. This death was the beginning of a long journey of leadership crisis and gradual loss of SPLM/A vision. Late Dr. John use to say “where there is no vision the people perish and where there is no people the vision perish”
Seniority takes precedent in regardless of other factors. President Salva Kiir had to take over and South Sudanese had to let go the pains of the tragedy and the journey to freedom continues. Inside story into the process of succession indicates that when all the top senior commanders of the SPLM/A gathered in New Sites in Eastsern Equatoria state in August, 2005, three most senior figures were prominent in the succession and they were president Kiir, Dr. Riak Machar and Lam Akol Ajawin. Cdr. Kuol Manyang current minister of Defense, known for his ruthlessness and killing nature during the entire life of the SPLM/A struggle broke the deadlock by pulling out his pistol and pointed at President Salva Kiir to take the chair immediately charging that it belonged to no one else.
President Kiir was to lead his equals and seniors (in other aspects). Late John Garang had formed his government of Southern Sudan shortly before he died. In a first move to consolidate his power, President Kiir dissolved that government and formed a new one. It was from this moment that the current leadership crisis became clearly manifest.
President Kiir started sidelining his long time war survivors and war colleagues and comrades. The forces behind the early voices suggesting Cdr. Kiir should overthrow Cdr. Dr. John Garang were manifested and surrounded him and for the first time phrases like Garang boys, Garang orphans, loss boys basically Dinka Bor Diasporas, nyam-nyam and Muony dor both referring to a non dinka especially equatorians people, Muony jiang mythical dinka word meaning born to rule or husband of others, were used. Others were branded as cowards, did not fight the SPLM/A war, others as minority while the dinka were the majority and the tendency to promote cultural and ethnic purity making it difficult to coexist and marry across ethnic divides especially from dinka. Many inter marriage between dinka and non dinka became problematic and disastrous including that of the daughter of president Kiir in 2011 with the Ethiopian man. Another problematic case was the castration of a poor Ugandan businessman in jebel who was making love with a dinka girl. These social vices may look simple but they cause rift, bitterness, and rejection with far reaching consequences in society.
From 2005, one to two years down the road, there were growing frustrations with the leadership of President Salva Kiir. The first Garang boy to get frustrated and give up on the leadership failure of President Kiir was Hon. Nhial Deng. He resigned from Kiir’s government in 2007 and went to exile in Germany. Hon. Nhial Deng the first minister of Regional Cooperation though from dinka Bar el Gazel, his proximity to late Dr. John Garang was enough to alienate him. Hon. Nhial got frustrated when he could fix an appointment to see the president but could be denied or waits for weeks. This shows the level of power the forces around the president had throughout his leadership. At this stage, the question of who was a Nuer and who was not was at a latent stage.
It is clear from revelations from international financial institutions and system that this group of the president were not only concern will power but wealth also. By 2010, the government of president Kiir had stolen over 4.2 billion USD from state coffers. The government auditors under Prof. Stephen Wondu, failed to balance government cash sheets of 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2009. The major and big stories of corruptions which some of my friends from East Africa described as theft or looting of the state were; Dura saga in which over 500 million USD was stolen; Fula Dam project fund got repatriated abroad; Cases of money laundering in the USA, Europe and Australia were intercepted; Members of executive purchased houses and build estates in foreign countries with stolen funds. Some have estate with up to 100 houses; Coffin saga: in which members or executive attempted to smuggle money in a wooden coffin. Water tankers saga: in which members of the executive attempted to smuggle money in a water tank vehicle. In one clear case of corrupt practices and lifestyle was a competitive marriage in Bar el Gazel using money. Customarily, the dinka and the nuer pay dowry using cattle. But this contentious marriage by SPLM state secretary and another prospector in Bar el Gazel was by use of money. That the SPLM state secretary a son of a very senior member of the government in Juba out marched his competitor by carrying a big bank wooden case of 100 SSP notes and spread it all over the compound of his in-law so much so that it was like a large carpet on the compound.
When the donors and other South Sudanese politicians asked for accountability, it became impossible even when the president declared zero tolerant on corruption because blood was thicker than water. Perhaps the only accountability that could be seen at personal level of those who looted the states includes the petrol stations being managed now by the Somalis in Juba, the ABMC of the president, the locally owned big hotels in Juba, the 100 house estates in Kenya, the big shares in Ugandan and kenyan based companies and banks e.g. Mukwano, Bata, etc. The micro banks and forexs owned by South Sudanese in Juba and elsewhere in the country. The big trucks procured for repatriation but ended up in the hands of individual. Not to mention land grabs Etc.
By 2008, it became clear that other South Sudanese would no longer live with the grave cases of abuse of power and state authority. Clear headed figures like Lam Akol, and Dr. Riak etc were already at unease. The SPLM National Convention was held under very tense political temperature but compromise was reached when leaders put their differences aside because of threats from National Congress Party and other northern Sudan political forces. So that in 2010 elections Dr. Riak Machar accepted to be a running mate of president Kiir this was of course a marriage of convenience. The two men were fundamentally different in level of education, aptitude, political qualities and ethnicity etc. Both were products of bitter South Sudanese history marred with lack of trust among leaders, lack of reconciliation and healings, but were ready to serve the nation at the time most needed.
It was clear that the long running suspicions among the dinka elites especially from Bar el Gazel of the impending loss of power from their hands was noticeable and hence the needs to consolidate, and defend it and the current political crisis I say is just a recipe of this reality. Originally, the dinka thought that the greatest threats to their power would come from Equatoria region but because the later lacks political leadership and stamina, that fear disappeared. Political activities in Equatoria centred around the needs to guard against land grab, loss of dignity, further marginalization by the dinka-led regime, domination, effectively president Salva Kiir marginalized the Equatorians by alienating them from political appointments and constitutional post, their promotion and representations in the security sector including the armed forces under the pretext that they did not fight the SPLM/A wars and took refuge in neighbouring countries.
As the reality of independence was at hand, president Kiir flew to Kampala in 2010 to meet president Museveni allegedly to discuss issues related to security and political cooperation. Sources inside Uganda’s state house indicate that the talks were dominated by discussions on threats to each other’s regimes and how to counter them. Incidentally, president Kiir outlined two sources of grave threats to his power as coming from first and foremost the Nuer ethnic group and the other Equatoria region. But the later was a soft and a mild one. And that the problem in his SPLM/A was because of Dr. Riak Machar presence who commanded significant loyalty there. President Museveni’s immediate problem was winning elections. At the end of the meeting, promises were made of each other’s protections and supports. In the weeks and months that followed this meeting, closer cooperation of political and security apparatus of the two regimes were evident so much so that the renegade Gen. George Athor was lured to Kampala by Uganda’s security was murdered in cold blood in his hotel room along Entebbe road in Kampala and his body was flown and dumped in Morobo County of central Equatoria state. While during the presidential elections campaign in Uganda, president Kiir dispatch a team of five inner cycles of state house operatives mosly his close relatives with money worth 700 million USD to finance president Museveni re-elections. It was partly this money that was responsible for stagflation in Uganda in late 2010 and first quarter of 2011 that triggered street demonstrations, code named “walk to work” by the Uganda’s opposition political forces and activists.
Who knew that perhaps the declaration of independence was going to be done without national constitution? The battle for what type of government, and what nature of constitution among regional political forces was drawn. The president as a way of protecting his power, managed to get away with unitary centralized system of government with excessive powers vested in him to dismiss and appoint replacements to elected officials amidst resentments and disenchantment by politicians. Hon. James Wani, the then speaker of parliament who drew the battle line in parliament almost lost his life when a plan car crash was organized for him by the president had he not dodged the route he was to take. Finally on the 7th July, 2011 the lopsided pigeon hole constitution was hurriedly passed fearing that failure of which would result into no recognition of the new state by the international community. By the provision of this constitution, the president would pronounce decree at anything including preventing one from movement or making speech etc. By 2013, the number of decrees pronounced by the president had surpassed the number of articles of the constitution and Acts of parliament combined.
After independence, what was long being said by Khartoum regimes that Southerners would never rule themselves if given self rule was becoming a reality under the leadership of President Salva Kiir. He very quickly changed his leadership style to a fascist and terrible dictator. He started by expelling the UNMISS human right boss, silencing journalist and crack down on press, late Isaiah Abraham; a prominent blogger was murdered by elements from national security, he re-activated the infamous torture and killing chamber called white house in Juba where his presidential tiger division is based. Within two years he had changed two governments. He abandoned his colleagues and comrade in the SPLM/A and sought for advised from president Museveni of Uganda on daily basis and most of this advices were against his comrade. He reduced himself to a more or less governor of a republic. Perhaps the president was misled by president Museveni’s flatter of his political opponents in Uganda when he stated in 2012 that he was an expert and a consultant on good and bad governance.
In 2012, president Kiir mistakenly dismissed over 189 senior SPLA officers. He was lately reminded that most of those he dismissed were from dinka Bar el Gazel. Feeling that he was losing control of one of the vital instruments of power, he sought to recruit private army to protect his government. With the help of governor of Northern Bar el Gazel state, Paul Malong Awan, and Awen Akoth former deputy speaker of South Sudan Legislative Assembly, he raised and trained 13,000 militias most of whom were children. They were trained in a camp called Kampala One amidst resistance and protest from the SPLA leadership, UNMISS child protection unit, DDR Unit, the USA and United Kingdom defense attachés.
Nobody knows what short of training and orientations these militias received from Kampala one under the Ugandan instructors. But one would make an accurate guest by the level of their destructiveness and killing nature without regards for the love of the country and its people. They were not under the main command and control of the SPLA mainstream. When the crisis of the 15th December, 2013 broke out, on the 16th, 17th, and 18th December, 2013, these kids could be seen three on new motorcycles allegedly distributed to them by the government to hunt down the nuer ethnic group. They criss-crossed Juba city searching door to door. This led to genocide and massive destructions of property and provoked revenge killings. In Juba, there was total breakdown of security system. Guns depot broken in Bilpam the military headquarters was broken by Lt. Gen. Malual Ayom, the SPLA DCOGS for Administration. These guns were distributed to civilian from dinka ethnicity especially from Bar el Gazel. Gun shots were being heard all over Juba and the target was Nuer people. In a matter of three days, the Nuer in Juba were cleared and survivors took shelter in UNMISS compound leaving behind their homes and property. Widespread looting and destructions of Nuer villages and homes in Juba was the order of the time by their dinka counterpart. In Juba up to date be a nuer is a crime and warrant death sentence. Targeted killings on ethnic lines and destructions of property. At the height of it all, the president also personally affected by the scale of the death and destructions, confessed that his youth from dinka Bar el Gazel should then stop killing civilians in Juba in the name of protecting his power and government. (said during Kiir Red Army Foundation anniversary celebration address)
President Salva Kiir thought that in annihilating the nuer he was eliminating his political opponents once and for all before he turns to the Equatorians. But if the fear was from personality like Dr. Riak Machar why kill innocent women and children in their houses. A soldier from Equatoria confessed to me that in nuer dominated miya Osaba village he was astonished by the ruthlessness of president Kiir’s militia and the SPLA, he saw a multitude of nuer mostly women and children some holding their hands together with their young ones being led away to be killed in one of the killing camps. There was nothing he could, but only to resign from the army and went to the village.
President Kiir would have avoided all these miseries. First of all he has a soft spirit. At least I have seen the president weeps more than four times in public as he makes public speech. He looks a jolly man but how he could degenerate to this level of savagery is beyond comprehension. I am reminded that the problem is not only the personality of the president, but a system he nurtured and the people who now hold high places not only in his national government but also the states government throughout the country. Look at snap shot of president Kiir’s line up of appointments;
List of SPLM Political Bureau Members
No. |
Name |
Position |
State |
Tribe |
1. |
Cde. Salva Kiir Mayardit |
Chairman |
Warrap |
Dinka |
2. |
Dr. Riek Machar Teny |
1st Vice Chairman |
Unity |
Nuer |
3. |
Cde. James Wani Igga |
2nd Vice Chairman |
Central Equatoria |
Bari |
4. |
Cde. Malik Agar |
3rd Vice Chairman |
Blue Nile |
Funj |
5. |
Cde. Pagan Amum Ukec |
Secretary General |
Upper Nile |
Shilluk |
6. |
Dr. Ann Itto |
Deputy Secretary General for Southern Sector |
Eastern Equatoria |
Madi |
7. |
Cde. Yasir Saed Arman |
Deputy Secretary General for Northern Sector |
Northerner |
Khartoum |
8. |
Cde. Daniel Awet Akot |
Member |
Lakes |
Dinka |
9. |
Cde. Kuol Manyang Juuk |
Member |
Jonglei |
Dinka |
10. |
Cde. Rebecca Nyandeng de Mabior |
Member |
Jonglei |
Dinka |
11. |
Cde. John Luk Jok |
Member |
Jonglei |
Nuer |
12. |
Cde. Jamie Nunu Komba |
Member |
W. Equatoria |
Zande |
13. |
Cde. Mark Nyipuoc Obong |
Member |
W. Bahr El Gazal |
Jurchol |
14. |
Cde. Clement Wani Konga |
Member |
C. Equatoria |
Mundari |
15. |
Cde. Alisio Emore Ojatuk |
Member |
E. Equatoria |
Lotuka |
16. |
Cde. Taban Deng Gai |
Member |
Unity |
Nuer |
17. |
Cde, Paul Mayom Akec |
Member |
Lakes |
Dinka |
18. |
Cde. Awut Deng Acuil |
Member |
Warrap |
Dinka |
19. |
Cde. Akol Paul |
Member |
Warrap |
Dinka |
20. |
Cde. Deng Alor Kuol |
Member |
Abyei |
Dinka |
21. |
Cde. Nhial Deng Nhial |
Member |
Warrap |
Dinka |
22. |
Cde. (Late) Samson Kwaji |
Member |
C. Equatoria |
Pajulu |
23. |
Cde. Paul Malong Awan |
Member |
N. Bahr El-Gazal |
Dinka |
24. |
Cde. Lual Diing Wol |
Member |
N. Bahr El- Gazal |
Dinka |
25. |
Cde. Abdul Aziz Adam El Allawe |
Member |
Nuba Mountains |
Nuba |
List of GOSS Presidential Advisors:
S/No.
|
Name
|
Position
|
State
|
Region
|
Tribe
|
1. |
Fr. Pio Kuac |
Religious Affairs |
Upper Nile |
G. Equatoria |
Shilluk |
2. |
Mr. John Kong Nyuon |
Security Affairs |
Jonglei |
G. Upper Nile |
Nuer |
3. |
Dr. Joseph Nguen M. |
Social Service |
Unity |
G. Upper Nile |
Nuer |
4. |
Mr. Kennedy Kayin |
Peace and Reconciliation |
Jonglei |
G. Upper Nile |
Murle |
5. |
Mr. Kong Kong Bol |
Border Conflicts Resolution |
Unity |
G. Upper Nile |
Nuer |
6. |
Mr. Alfred Lado Gore |
Diplomacy |
C. Equatoria |
G. Equatoria |
Bari |
7. |
Mr. Tor Deng Mawien |
Decentralization & Inter-Governmental Linkage |
Warrap |
G. Bahr El- Gazal |
Dinka |
8. |
Madam Rebecca Nyandeng de-Mabior |
Gender& Human Rights |
Jonglei |
G. Upper Nile |
Dinka |
9. |
Mr. Lual Diing Wol |
Political Affairs |
N. Bhar El-Ghazal |
G. Bhar El-Ghazal |
Dinka |
10. |
Mr. Joseph Lagu Yanga |
Special Advisor |
E. Quatoria |
G. Equatoria |
Madi |
11. |
Mr. Telar Ring Deng |
Legal Advisor |
Lakes |
G. Bahr El-Gazal |
Dinka |
12. |
Lt. Gen. Salva Mathok Geng |
Advisor on SPLA Affairs |
Warrap |
G. Bhar El-Gazal |
Dinka |
13. |
Steven Madut Bak |
Regional Cooperation Affairs |
Warrap |
G. Bahr El-Gazal |
Dinka |
14. |
Cornillo Befo |
Monitoring and Integrity in Governance |
C. Equatoria |
G. Equatoria |
Bari |
S/No.
|
Name
|
Ministry
|
State
|
Region
|
Tribe
|
1. |
Mr. Kosti Manibi |
Cabinet Affairs |
Western Equatoria |
G. Equatoria |
Moru |
2. |
Dr. Cirino Hiteng |
Presidential Affairs |
Eastern Equatoria |
G. Equatoria |
Lotuka |
3. |
Mr. Nhial Deng Nhial |
SPLA & Veteran Affairs |
Warrap |
G. Bhar El-Ghazal |
Dinka |
4. |
Mr. Gier Chuang Aluong |
Internal Affairs |
Jonglei |
G. Upper Nile |
Dinka |
5. |
Mr. David Deng Athorbei |
Finance & Economic Planning |
Lakes |
G. Bhar El-Ghazal |
Dinka |
6. |
Dr. Barnaba Marial Benjamin |
Information |
Jonglei |
G. Upper Nile |
Nuer |
7. |
Mr. Michael Makuei Lueth |
Parliamentary Affairs |
Jonglei |
G. Upper Nile |
Dinka |
8. |
Mr. Madut Biar Yiel |
Telecommunication and Postal Services |
N. Bahr El-Gazal |
G. Bahr El-Gazal |
Dinka |
9. |
Mrs. Nyanlok Tiong Garluak |
Animal Recourses and Fishers |
Unity |
G. Equatoria |
Nuer |
10. |
Mrs. Awut Deng Achuil |
Labour, and Public Service. |
Warrap |
G. Bhar El-Ghazal |
Dinka |
11. |
Mr. Lino Makana |
Transports and Road |
W. Equatoria |
G. Equatoria |
Zande |
12. |
Mrs Jamie Nunu Komba |
Housing & Physical Planning |
W. Equatoria |
G. Equatoria |
Zande |
13. |
Dr. Ann Ito |
Agriculture & Forestry |
E. Equatoria |
G. Equatoria |
Madi |
14. |
Mr. John Luk Jok |
Legal Affairs & Constitutional Development |
Jonglei |
G. Upper Nile |
Nuer |
15. |
Dr. Luka Manoja |
Health |
C. Equatoria |
G. Equatoria |
Bari |
16. |
Ms. Agnes Losuba |
Gender, Social Welfare& Religious Affairs |
Central E. State |
G. Equatoria |
Kakwa |
17. |
Mr. Stephen Dhieu |
Commerce & Industry |
Upper Nile |
G. Upper Nile |
Dinka |
18. |
Mr. Deng Alor Kuol |
Regional Cooperation |
Abyei |
Abyei |
Dinka |
19. |
Mr. Garang Diing Akuong |
Energy & Mining |
N. Bhar El Gazal |
G. Bhar El Gazal |
Dinka |
20. |
Jemmy Lemi Milla (late)
|
Cooperatives & Rural Develop. |
C. Equatoria |
G. Equatoria |
Pajulu |
21. |
Dr. Michael Mille Hussien |
Education |
W. Bahr El-Gazal |
G. Bahr El-Gazal |
Fertit |
22. |
Mr. Gabriel Changson Chang |
Culture & Heritage |
Upper Nile |
G. Upper Nile |
Nuer |
23. |
Lt. Gen. Oyay Deng Ajak |
Investment |
Upper Nile |
G. Upper Nile |
Shilluk |
24. |
Mr. Abdallah Albert |
Wildelife Conservation & Tourism |
E. Equatoria |
G; Equatoria |
Abakaya |
25. |
|
Environment |
|
|
|
26. |
Mr. Joseph Ukel |
Higher Education, Science & Technology |
W. Bahr El-Gazel |
G. Bahr El-Gazal |
Jurchol |
27. |
Mr. Makuach Teny Yok |
Youth, Sports & Recreation |
Unity |
G. Upper Nile |
Nuer |
28. |
Mr. James Kok Ruai |
Humanitarian Affairs & Disaster Management |
Jonglei |
G. Upper Nile |
Nuer |
29. |
Mr. Paul Mayom Akec |
Water Resources & Irrigation |
Lakes |
G. Bahr El-Gazal |
Dinka |
30. |
Mr. Pagan Amum Ukac |
Peace & CPA Affairs |
Upper Nile |
G. Upper Nile |
Shilluk |
31. |
Mary Jervas Yak |
Human Resource Development |
Warrap |
G. Bahr El-Gazal |
Dinka |
List of GOSS Independent Commissions and Chambers:
S/No.
|
Name
|
Commission
|
State
|
Region
|
Tribe
|
1. |
Dr. Pauline Riak |
Anti-corruption |
Lakes |
G. Bhar El-Ghazal |
Dinka |
2. |
Dr. Deng Dongring |
Public Grievances Chamber |
Warrap |
G. Bhar El-Ghazal |
Dinka |
3. |
Mr. Steven Wondu |
Auditor Chamber |
C. Equatoria |
G. Equatoria |
Kuku |
4. |
Rev. William Chan |
Relief & Rehabilitation |
Warrap |
G. Bahr El Gazal |
Dinka |
5. |
Mr. Jurkuc Barac |
De-mining Authority |
Jonglei |
G. Upper Nile |
Dinka |
6. |
Mr. Peter Guang Akiech |
Peace & Reconciliation |
Upper Nile |
G. Upper Nile |
Shilluk |
7. |
Mr. William Deng Deng |
Demobilization, Disarmament Reintegration |
Warrap |
G. Bhar El-Ghazal |
Dinka |
8. |
Dr. Bellario Ahoy Ngong |
HIV/AIDS |
N. Bhar El-Ghazal |
G. Bhar El-Ghazal |
Lotuka |
10. |
Mr. Isaiah Chol Aruai |
Census, Statistic and Evaluation |
Jonglei |
G. Upper Nile |
Dinka |
11. |
Mr Lawrence Korbandy |
Human Rights |
W. Equatoria |
G. Equatoria |
Moru |
12. |
Alikaya Aligo Samson |
Reconstruction and Development Fund |
C. Equatoria |
G. Equatoria |
Kakwa |
13. |
Mrs Philister Baya Lawiri |
Civil service |
E. Equatoria |
G. Equatoria |
Lokoro |
14. |
Mr. Robert Lado Loki |
Land Commission |
Central Equatoria |
G. Equatoria |
Kakwa |
15. |
Mr. Dhiou Mathok |
Employees Justice Chamber |
N. Bahr El-Gazal |
G. Bhar El –Gazal |
Dinka |
16. |
Mr. Ben Robin Oduho |
War disable, Widow & Orphans |
E. Equatoria |
G. Equatoria |
Lotuka |
17. |
Prof. Ajuoi Magot Chol |
Southern Electricity Corporation |
Jonglei |
G. Upper Nile |
Dinka |
18. |
Mr. Gabriel Mathiang Rok |
Southern Sudan Fiscal, Financial Allocation & Monitoring |
Lakes |
G. Bahr El-Gazal |
Dinka |
19. |
Mr. Kawach Makuei |
War Veterans |
N. Bahr El-Gazal |
G. Bahr El-Gazal |
Dinka |
20. |
Mr. Daniel Deng Lual |
Bureau for Community on Small Arms Control |
Warrap |
G. Bahr El-Gazal |
Dinka |
21. |
Mr. Koak Guok |
Local Government Board |
Upper Nile |
G. Upper Nile |
Nuer |
List of GOSS Under-secretaries:
S/No.
|
Name
|
Ministry
|
State
|
Tribe
|
1. |
Selvatoria Garang Mabior |
Finance and Economic Planning ( Finance) |
Warrap |
Dinka |
2. |
Aggrey Tisa Saboni |
Finance and Economic Planning ( Planning) |
C. Equatoria |
Kuku |
3. |
Elisabeth Manoa Majok |
Commerce & Industry |
Jonglei |
Dinka |
4. |
William Ater Machiek |
Energy and Mining |
Lakes |
Dinka |
5. |
Juma Stephen Luga |
Telecommunications & Postal Services |
Central Equatoria |
Bari |
6. |
Martin Mou Mou |
Education , Science& Technology |
Warrap |
Dinka |
7. |
Dr.Olivia G. Lomoru |
Health |
E. Equatoria |
Lango |
8. |
Eng. Reymond Pitya |
Roads & Transport |
Central Equatoria |
Bari |
9. |
Ochan John Bongomin |
Electricity Corporation |
E. Equatoria |
Acholi |
10. |
Dr. Daniel Wani |
Wildlife Conservation & Tourism |
Central Equatria |
Bari |
11. |
Crispin Abugo Paul |
Urban Water Corporation |
W. Bhar El-Ghazal |
|
12. |
Eng. Isaac Liabwel C. Yol |
Water Resource & Irrigation |
Lakes |
Dinka |
13. |
Jaden Emilio |
Agriculture and Forestry( Forestry ) |
Central Equatoria |
Pajulu |
14. |
|
Agriculture and Forestry ( Agriculture) |
Warrap |
Dinka |
15. |
Dr. Mokuei Malual |
Animal Resources and Fisheries |
Warrap |
Dinka |
16. |
Bortel Mori Nyomble |
Co-operatives &Rural Development |
W.Equatoria |
Bari |
17. |
Mrs Salwa Jebril |
President’s Office |
Warrap |
Dinka |
18. |
Abdon Agaw |
Cabinet Affairs |
Jonglei |
Dinka |
19. |
Mark Nyikang Yomon |
Southern Sudan Legislative Assembly |
Upper Nile |
Shilluk |
20. |
Mrs Rebecca Jashua |
Labour, Public service &HRD |
Upper Nile |
Shilluk |
21. |
Dr. Julia Aker Duany |
Parliamentary Affairs |
Jonglei |
Nuer |
22. |
Mr. Majok Guandong |
Regional Co-operation |
Jonglei |
Nuer |
23. |
Gordon Soro Yisaya |
Local Government Board |
Central Equatoria |
Bari |
28. |
Justice. Reuben Madol |
Judiciary of Southern Sudan |
Warrap |
Dinka |
29. |
Jeremiah Sawaka |
Legal Affairs& Constitutional Development |
C. Equatoria |
Bari |
30. |
Mrs. Margret Matthew Mathiang |
Gender, Social Welfare& Religious Affairs |
Unity |
Nuer |
31. |
Peter Baptist Abaker |
Culture & Heritage |
W. Bhar El-Ghazal |
Balanda |
32. |
Justice John Wuol Makec |
President, Judiciary S. Sudan |
Warrap |
Dinka |
33. |
Justice Chan Rech Madut |
Vice President, Judiciary SS |
Warrap |
Dinka |
34. |
Mr. Elijah Malok Deng |
President, Bank of S. Sudan |
Jonglei |
Dinka |
35 |
Mr. Cornelio Koryom |
Vice President, BOSS |
Warrap |
Dinka |
36. |
Mr. Jok Madut Jok |
Youth & Sport |
|
Dinka |
37. |
Mr. Michael George Garang |
Information |
Jonglei |
Dinka |
38. |
Mr. Ambassador Moh Ajang |
Humanitarian Affairs |
Upper Nile |
Dinka |
39. |
Mrs Beatrice |
Peace & CPA Implementation |
C. Equatoria |
Kakwa |
40. |
Mr. Akuei |
Investment |
Jonglei |
Dinka |
List of Senior Officers of the SPLA, Internal Security and other Security Organs:
No. |
Name |
Position |
State |
Tribe |
1. |
1st Lt. Gen. James Hoth Mai |
Chief of General Staff SPLA |
Upper Nile |
Nuer |
2. |
Lt. Gen. Ping Deng Majok |
Deputy Chief of Staff for Administration & Finance |
Abyei |
Dinka |
3. |
Lt. General Deng Wek |
Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations |
Jonglei |
Dinka |
4. |
Lt. General Biar Atem |
Deputy Chief of Staff for Logistics |
Jonglei |
Dinka |
5. |
Lt. General Mabuto Mamur |
Deputy Chief of Staff for Moral & Political Orientations |
Eastern Equatoria |
Lotuka |
6. |
Lt. General Majak Agot |
South Sudan National Security Service (Special Branch) |
Jonglei |
Dinka |
7. |
1st Lt. Gen. Achuil Tito |
Inspector General Police |
Warrap |
Dinka |
8. |
1st Lt. Gen. Agasio A. Tong |
Inspector Gen. Prison Service |
Warrap |
Dinka |
9. |
1st Lt. Gen. Aru Maan Chot |
Inspector Gen. Fire Brigade |
Jonglei |
Dinka |
10. |
Major General John Lat |
Military Intelligence |
Lakes |
Dinka |
11. |
Major General Marial Nuor |
Public Security |
Lakes |
Dinka |
The list of Special Ambassadors above Grade (1)
S/N
|
Name
|
1- |
Mr. Majok Guandon Thiep – Nuer Jonglei |
2- |
Dr. Chol Deng Alak – Dinka Warrap |
3- |
Mr. Mohamed Hassan Bakeit – Western Bahr el Ghazal |
4- |
Mr. Makelele Nyajok – Mundari Central Equatoria |
5- |
Dr. Eluzai Mogga Yokwe – Bari Central Equatoria |
6- |
Dr. Akec Khoc Acieu – Dinka Jonglei |
7- |
Mr. Sebit Abbe Alley – Kakwa Central Equatoria |
The list of Grade (1) Ambassadors
Presidential Decree No. 19/2012 for the appointment of Grade (1) Ambassadors into the Diplomatic and consular services in the ministry of foreign Affairs and international Cooperation of the Republic of South Sudan
The Ambassadors are: –
S/N
|
Name
|
1- |
Mr. Paul Macuei Malok – Dinka Lakes |
2- |
Dr. Andrew Akon Akec Kuol – Dinka Warrap |
3- |
Mr. Kuol Alor Kuol – Dinka Warrap |
The list of Grade (2) Ambassadors
Presidential Decree No. 20/2012 for the appointment of Grade (2) Ambassadors into the Diplomatic and consular service in the ministry of foreign Affairs and international Cooperation of the Republic of South Sudan, 2012 AD
The Ambassadors are:
S/N |
Name |
1- |
Mr. Anthony Louis Kon – Dinka Warrap |
2- |
Mr. Ajing Adiang Mariik – Dinka Warrap |
3- |
Mr. Alier Deng Rual – Dinka Jonglei |
4- |
Mr. Akuei Bona Malwal – Dinka Warrap |
5- |
Mr. Majak Philemon Majok – Dinka Lakes |
6- |
Mr. Baak Valentino Wol – Dinka Warrap |
7- |
Mr. John Andruga Duku – Madi EES |
8- |
Mr. Mariano Deng Ngor – Dinka Warrap |
9- |
Dr. Francis George Nazario – Acholi EEC |
10- |
Mr. Joseph Moum Majak – Dinka Warrap |
11- |
Mr. Parmena Makuet Mangar – Dinka Lakes |
12- |
Mr. Philip Jada Natana – Bari CES |
13- |
Mr. Arop Deng Kuol – Dinka Warrap |
14- |
Mr. Michael Majok Ayom – Dinka Jonglei |
15- |
Gabriel Gai Riak – Dinka Jonglei |
16- |
Mr. Bol Wek Agoth – Dinka Warrap |
17- |
Dr. John Gai Yoh – Nuer Upper Nile |
18- |
Dr. Daniel Peter Othol – Chollo Upper Nile |
19- |
Mr. Ezekiel Lol Gathouth – Nuer Upper Nile |
20- |
Mr. Samuel Luate Lominsuk – Kuku CES |
21- |
Mr. Awad El Karim Ibrahim Ali – Non-Dinka State unknown |
22- |
Mr. Adam Saeed AbuBakr Kabawa – Non-Dinka State unknown |
23- |
Mr. Mustafa Lowoh Walla Western Equatoria |
24- |
Mr. Aban Yor Yor – Chollo Upper Nile |
25- |
Ms. Sittona Abdalla Osman – Dinka Jonglei |
26- |
Mr. Pidor Tut Pul – Nuer Upper Nile |
27- |
Mr. James Ernest Onge – Acholi EES |
28- |
Mr. Jwokthab Amum Ajak – Chollo Upper Nile |
29- |
Mr. Paul Malong Akaro – Dinka Northern BG |
30- |
Mr. Deng Deng Nhial – Dinka Warrap |
31- |
Mr. Lazaros Akoi Arou – Dinka Jonglei |
32- |
Mr. Ruben Marial Benjamin Bil Lual Nuer Jonglei |
33- |
Abdon Terkoc Matuet – Dinka Lakes |
34- |
Mr. James Pitia Morgan – Kakwa Central Equatoria |
35- |
Mr. Dhanojak Obongo Othow – Anuak Jonglei |
36- |
Mr. Jokwen Yukwan Ayiik – Chollo Upper Nile |
37- |
Mr. Michael Nyang Jok – Dinka Jonglei |
38- |
Mr. Michael Mayiel Chuol – Nuer Unity |
39- |
Ms. Abuk Nikonora Manyok – Dinka Jonglei |
40- |
Ms. Nyandeng Joshua Dei Wal – Nuer Upper Nile |
41- |
Mr. Chol Mawut Unguec Ajonga – Luo (Jurchol) Northern BG |
42- |
Mr. Darius Garang Wol Mabior – Dinka Northern BG |
43- |
Mr. Joseph Ayok Ayok – Dinka Northern BG |
The list of Grade (3) Ambassadors
Presidential Decree No. 21/2012 for the appointment of Grade (3) Ambassadors into the Diplomatic and Consular Services in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and international Cooperation of the Republic of South Sudan 2012
S/N |
Name |
1- |
Mr. Thiik Agoth Giir – Dinka Warrap |
2- |
Mr. Nickson Deng Peter – Dinka Warrap |
3- |
Mr. Morris Batali Simon – Kakwa Central Equatoria |
4- |
Ms. Mary Badoda Francis – Dinka Northern BG |
5- |
Mr. Hamilton Michael Lugor – Bari CES |
6- |
Mr. Akwoch Daniel Diing – Chollo Upper Nile |
7- |
Ms. Jago Arop Yor – Chollo Upper Nile |
8- |
Mr. James Kur Muorwel – Dinka Lakes |
9- |
Ms. Sarah Victor Bol – Dinka Warrap |
10- |
Mr. William Wani Ruben Central Equatoria |
11- |
Mr. Wol Mayar Ariec – Dinka Warrap |
12- |
Mr. David Buom Choat – Nuer Upper Nile |
13- |
Ms Agnes A.O Oswaha Lotuka E Equatoria |
14- |
Mr. Caesar Oliha Yanga Lotuka E Equatoria |
15- |
Mr. Garang Garang Diing – Dinka Northern BG |
16- |
Mr. Kau Nak Maper – Dinka Lakes |
17- |
Mr. Ambrose Raphael Tamania – Zande Western Equatoria |
18- |
Mr. Kahmis Agar Wol – Dinka Warrap |
19- |
Mr. Hassan Yousif Ngor – Dinka Upper Nile |
20- |
Mr. John Simon Yor Kur – Chollo Upper Nile |
21- |
Mr. Juma Dino Amoi – Lotuko Eastern Equatoria |
22- |
Mr. Dominique Panthair Mading – Dinka Lakes |
23- |
Dr. Riek Puok Riek – Nuer Upper Nile |
24- |
Mr. Martin Kahmis Tabia – Zande Western Equatoria |
25-
|
Mr. Raphael Nhial Kulang – Dinka Lakes
|
26 27
28
29
30
31
32 |
Mr. Kureng Akuei Pac Dinka Jonglei Mr. John Samuel Bwogo Chollo Upper Nile Mr. Mayen Majak Malou Dinka Lakes Mr. Abel Moses Majok Dinka Lakes Mr. Gum Dominic Matiok Dinka Lakes Mr. Santino Fardol Watod Luo (Jurchol) W. BG Mr. Christopher Leonardo Jada Central Equatoria Mr. Sebit Bullen Kamonde Central Equatoria Ms. Natalina Edward Mou Dinka Warrap Dr. Mawien Makol Ariik Dinka Warrap Ms. Santina Sita Ndefu Western Equatoria Mr. Akec Chol Ahou Dinka Jonglei
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SUMMARY
Number of Ambassadors by Tribe:
Tribe
|
Grade 1
|
Grade 2
|
Grade 3
|
Total
|
Percent
|
Dinka
|
6 |
23 |
19 |
48 |
53
|
Non-Dinka
|
5 |
20 |
18 |
43 |
47
|
Total
|
11 |
43 |
37 |
91 |
100 |
Oyet Nathaniel Pierino is a member of the ruling SPLM Party. He is a Political and strategic Analyst, Lecturer, and Head of Department of Political Science at the University of Juba.