Why President Salva kiir Must Leave Power: The Inside Story of the Meltdown of President Salva Kiir’s Regime and Collapsed

By Oyet Nathaniel Pierino

March 24, 2014 (SSNA) — What we see today as political crisis in South Sudan did not start today or yesterday. It is a culmination of many political events and leadership blunders, in political and military arena. Miscalculations by President Salva Kiir and his cliques are definitely responsible for stagnation in the political system and now genocide, massive destruction of property and loss of sovereignty of the new republic. President Kiir had been held in hollow high esteem as a man who succeeded Dr. John Garang De Mabior, a great man who fought for the liberation of oppressed people on this planet. While we may not need to recite the terrible sufferings and miseries of our people from the time of slave trade, foreign dominations, wars of liberation ; independence and survival and defense of our dignity.

I am talking of a man who squandered his legacy, legitimacy and now has blood of innocent women and children in his hands. I am always haunted by the worth of victims of massive killings, rapes and torture due to his leadership failures. At the moment, Amnesty International (AI), Human Right Watch (HRW) and UNMISS are investigating locations of at least eight big mass graves around Juba alone. As an eye witness, I do not need to speak more than I have seen. But whatever the case I know deep in my soul that president Kiir and his accomplice will account one day. One can only reap what he has sown.

People should not run away from truth or scratch the surface of South Sudan politics and issues. Truth told in good faith is better than mere and cheap propaganda whose validity can be tested false one day. I had a lot of headache while observing political blunders by a primary four dropout who at a tender age joint Sudan Armed forces military intelligence services, before joining the SPLM/A war in 1983. It is no surprise that despite sitting around Dr. John Garang for more than twenty years president Kiir learnt nothing.

My observations, researches and key informants from both inside and outside the government of South Sudan and Uganda have informed me of President Kiir leadership failures and contributions to the current political crisis beyond reasonable doubts that;

As early as 1993, there were sustained voices inside the SPLM/A ranks and files especially from the quarters of Dinka Bar el Gazel for Cdr. Salva Kiir (most senior) to take over leadership from Dinka Bor; Dr. John Garang. It apparently became clear in 2004 that he heeded to these voices. At the eve of signing the Comprehensive Peace Agreement of 2005, SPLM/A splited into two. One led by Cdr. Salva Kiir surrounded mainly by his military and politicians from Bar el Gazel including those from diaspora and the other remained under Dr. John Garang mainly successful military commanders and educated politicians from all over sections of South Sudan.

There are reports and confessions from inside South Sudan and Uganda government’s security apparatus that the unprecedented 2004 rift between Dr. John and Salva Kiir was a grand strategy and conspiracy aggravated internally by sub ethnic rivalry between the two and externally by geo political forces. In the region, Dr. John Garang’s military and political successes and his charismatic personality was making several leaders uncomfortable and that could not go unchallenged.

Death is a natural phenomenon; people would only be interested in its cause. The ill-fated chopper that crashed Dr. John Garang in the outlaying zone of Kidepo Park was a planned syndicates for the demised of the fallen hero and martyr. The current minister of interior Allieu Ayieny Allieu can bear me witness. While sources from Ugandan security system and associated press personnel indicates details account of how President Museveni conspired with some South Sudanese politicians and world powers to assassinate his childhood friend.

The death of Dr. John Garang on 30^th July, 2005 was a relieve to his internal enemies but a great loss to the nation and the world at large. Many Southerners in anger took to the streets of Khartoum and in a matter of one day over 300 people died. There were those who died of heart attack, blood pressure and strokes. This death was the beginning of a long journey of leadership crisis and gradual loss of SPLM/A vision. Late Dr. John use to say “where there is no vision the people perish and where there is no people the vision perish”

Seniority takes precedent in regardless of other factors. President Salva Kiir had to take over and South Sudanese had to let go the pains of the tragedy and the journey to freedom continues. Inside story into the process of succession indicates that when all the top senior commanders of the SPLM/A gathered in New Sites in Eastsern Equatoria state in August, 2005, three most senior figures were prominent in the succession and they were president Kiir, Dr. Riak Machar and Lam Akol Ajawin. Cdr. Kuol Manyang current minister of Defense, known for his ruthlessness and killing nature during the entire life of the SPLM/A struggle broke the deadlock by pulling out his pistol and pointed at President Salva Kiir to take the chair immediately charging that it belonged to no one else.

President Kiir was to lead his equals and seniors (in other aspects). Late John Garang had formed his government of Southern Sudan shortly before he died. In a first move to consolidate his power, President Kiir dissolved that government and formed a new one. It was from this moment that the current leadership crisis became clearly manifest.

President Kiir started sidelining his long time war survivors and war colleagues and comrades. The forces behind the early voices suggesting Cdr. Kiir should overthrow Cdr. Dr. John Garang were manifested and surrounded him and for the first time phrases like Garang boys, Garang orphans, loss boys basically Dinka Bor Diasporas, nyam-nyam and Muony dor both referring to a non dinka especially equatorians people, Muony jiang mythical dinka word meaning born to rule or husband of others, were used. Others were branded as cowards, did not fight the SPLM/A war, others as minority while the dinka were the majority and the tendency to promote cultural and ethnic purity making it difficult to coexist and marry across ethnic divides especially from dinka. Many inter marriage between dinka and non dinka became problematic and disastrous including that of the daughter of president Kiir in 2011 with the Ethiopian man. Another problematic case was the castration of a poor Ugandan businessman in jebel who was making love with a dinka girl. These social vices may look simple but they cause rift, bitterness, and rejection with far reaching consequences in society.

From 2005, one to two years down the road, there were growing frustrations with the leadership of President Salva Kiir. The first Garang boy to get frustrated and give up on the leadership failure of President Kiir was Hon. Nhial Deng. He resigned from Kiir’s government in 2007 and went to exile in Germany. Hon. Nhial Deng the first minister of Regional Cooperation though from dinka Bar el Gazel, his proximity to late Dr. John Garang was enough to alienate him. Hon. Nhial got frustrated when he could fix an appointment to see the president but could be denied or waits for weeks. This shows the level of power the forces around the president had throughout his leadership. At this stage, the question of who was a Nuer and who was not was at a latent stage.

It is clear from revelations from international financial institutions and system that this group of the president were not only concern will power but wealth also. By 2010, the government of president Kiir had stolen over 4.2 billion USD from state coffers. The government auditors under Prof. Stephen Wondu, failed to balance government cash sheets of 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2009. The major and big stories of corruptions which some of my friends from East Africa described as theft or looting of the state were; Dura saga in which over 500 million USD was stolen; Fula Dam project fund got repatriated abroad; Cases of money laundering in the USA, Europe and Australia were intercepted; Members of executive purchased houses and build estates in foreign countries with stolen funds. Some have estate with up to 100 houses; Coffin saga: in which members or executive attempted to smuggle money in a wooden coffin. Water tankers saga: in which members of the executive attempted to smuggle money in a water tank vehicle. In one clear case of corrupt practices and lifestyle was a competitive marriage in Bar el Gazel using money. Customarily, the dinka and the nuer pay dowry using cattle. But this contentious marriage by SPLM state secretary and another prospector in Bar el Gazel was by use of money. That the SPLM state secretary a son of a very senior member of the government in Juba out marched his competitor by carrying a big bank wooden case of 100 SSP notes and spread it all over the compound of his in-law so much so that it was like a large carpet on the compound.

When the donors and other South Sudanese politicians asked for accountability, it became impossible even when the president declared zero tolerant on corruption because blood was thicker than water. Perhaps the only accountability that could be seen at personal level of those who looted the states includes the petrol stations being managed now by the Somalis in Juba, the ABMC of the president, the locally owned big hotels in Juba, the 100 house estates in Kenya, the big shares in Ugandan and kenyan based companies and banks e.g. Mukwano, Bata, etc. The micro banks and forexs owned by South Sudanese in Juba and elsewhere in the country. The big trucks procured for repatriation but ended up in the hands of individual. Not to mention land grabs Etc.     

By 2008, it became clear that other South Sudanese would no longer live with the grave cases of abuse of power and state authority. Clear headed figures like Lam Akol, and Dr. Riak etc were already at unease. The SPLM National Convention was held under very tense political temperature but compromise was reached when leaders put their differences aside because of threats from National Congress Party and other northern Sudan political forces. So that in 2010 elections Dr. Riak Machar accepted to be a running mate of president Kiir this was of course a marriage of convenience. The two men were fundamentally different in level of education, aptitude, political qualities and ethnicity etc. Both were products of bitter South Sudanese history marred with lack of trust among leaders, lack of reconciliation and healings, but were ready to serve the nation at the time most needed.

It was clear that the long running suspicions among the dinka elites especially from Bar el Gazel of the impending loss of power from their hands was noticeable and hence the needs to consolidate, and defend it and the current political crisis I say is just a recipe of this reality. Originally, the dinka thought that the greatest threats to their power would come from Equatoria region but because the later lacks political leadership and stamina, that fear disappeared. Political activities in Equatoria centred around the needs to guard against land grab, loss of dignity, further marginalization by the dinka-led regime, domination, effectively president Salva Kiir marginalized the Equatorians by alienating them from political appointments and constitutional post, their promotion and representations in the security sector including the armed forces under the pretext that they did not fight the SPLM/A wars and took refuge in neighbouring countries. 

As the reality of independence was at hand, president Kiir flew to Kampala in 2010 to meet president Museveni allegedly to discuss issues related to security and political cooperation. Sources inside Uganda’s state house indicate that the talks were dominated by discussions on threats to each other’s regimes and how to counter them. Incidentally, president Kiir outlined two sources of grave threats to his power as coming from first and foremost the Nuer ethnic group and the other Equatoria region. But the later was a soft and a mild one. And that the problem in his SPLM/A was because of Dr. Riak Machar presence who commanded significant loyalty there. President Museveni’s immediate problem was winning elections. At the end of the meeting, promises were made of each other’s protections and supports. In the weeks and months that followed this meeting, closer cooperation of political and security apparatus of the two regimes were evident so much so that the renegade Gen. George Athor was lured to Kampala by Uganda’s security was murdered in cold blood in his hotel room along Entebbe road in Kampala and his body was flown and dumped in Morobo County of central Equatoria state. While during the presidential elections campaign in Uganda, president Kiir dispatch a team of five inner cycles of state house operatives mosly his close relatives with money worth 700 million USD to finance president Museveni re-elections. It was partly this money that was responsible for stagflation in Uganda in late 2010 and first quarter of 2011 that triggered street demonstrations, code named “walk to work” by the Uganda’s opposition political forces and activists.

Who knew that perhaps the declaration of independence was going to be done without national constitution? The battle for what type of government, and what nature of constitution among regional political forces was drawn. The president as a way of protecting his power, managed to get away with unitary centralized system of government with excessive powers vested in him to dismiss and appoint replacements to elected officials amidst resentments and disenchantment by politicians. Hon. James Wani, the then speaker of parliament who drew the battle line in parliament almost lost his life when a plan car crash was organized for him by the president had he not dodged the route he was to take. Finally on the 7^th July, 2011 the lopsided pigeon hole constitution was hurriedly passed fearing that failure of which would result into no recognition of the new state by the international community. By the provision of this constitution, the president would pronounce decree at anything including preventing one from movement or making speech etc. By 2013, the number of decrees pronounced by the president had surpassed the number of articles of the constitution and Acts of parliament combined.

After independence, what was long being said by Khartoum regimes that Southerners would never rule themselves if given self rule was becoming a reality under the leadership of President Salva Kiir. He very quickly changed his leadership style to a fascist and terrible dictator. He started by expelling the UNMISS human right boss, silencing journalist and crack down on press, late Isaiah Abraham; a prominent blogger was murdered by elements from national security, he re-activated the infamous torture and killing chamber called white house in Juba where his presidential tiger division is based. Within two years he had changed two governments. He abandoned his colleagues and comrade in the SPLM/A and sought for advised from president Museveni of Uganda on daily basis and most of this advices were against his comrade. He reduced himself to a more or less governor of a republic. Perhaps the president was misled by president Museveni’s flatter of his political opponents in Uganda when he stated in 2012 that he was an expert and a consultant on good and bad governance.

In 2012, president Kiir mistakenly dismissed over 189 senior SPLA officers. He was lately reminded that most of those he dismissed were from dinka Bar el Gazel. Feeling that he was losing control of one of the vital instruments of power, he sought to recruit private army to protect his government. With the help of governor of Northern Bar el Gazel state, Paul Malong Awan, and Awen Akoth former deputy speaker of South Sudan Legislative Assembly, he raised and trained 13,000 militias most of whom were children. They were trained in a camp called Kampala One amidst resistance and protest from the SPLA leadership, UNMISS child protection unit, DDR Unit, the USA and United Kingdom defense attachés.

Nobody knows what short of training and orientations these militias received from Kampala one under the Ugandan instructors. But one would make an accurate guest by the level of their destructiveness and killing nature without regards for the love of the country and its people. They were not under the main command and control of the SPLA mainstream. When the crisis of the 15^th December, 2013 broke out, on the 16^th, 17^th, and 18^th December, 2013, these kids could be seen three on new motorcycles allegedly distributed to them by the government to hunt down the nuer ethnic group. They criss-crossed Juba city searching door to door. This led to genocide and massive destructions of property and provoked revenge killings. In Juba, there was total breakdown of security system. Guns depot broken in Bilpam the military headquarters was broken by Lt. Gen. Malual Ayom, the SPLA DCOGS for Administration. These guns were distributed to civilian from dinka ethnicity especially from Bar el Gazel. Gun shots were being heard all over Juba and the target was Nuer people. In a matter of three days, the Nuer in Juba were cleared and survivors took shelter in UNMISS compound leaving behind their homes and property. Widespread looting and destructions of Nuer villages and homes in Juba was the order of the time by their dinka counterpart. In Juba up to date be a nuer is a crime and warrant death sentence. Targeted killings on ethnic lines and destructions of property. At the height of it all, the president also personally affected by the scale of the death and destructions, confessed that his youth from dinka Bar el Gazel should then stop killing civilians in Juba in the name of protecting his power and government. (said during Kiir Red Army Foundation anniversary celebration address) 

President Salva Kiir thought that in annihilating the nuer he was eliminating his political opponents once and for all before he turns to the Equatorians. But if the fear was from personality like Dr. Riak Machar why kill innocent women and children in their houses. A soldier from Equatoria confessed to me that in nuer dominated miya Osaba village he was astonished by the ruthlessness of president Kiir’s militia and the SPLA, he saw a multitude of nuer mostly women and children some holding their hands together with their young ones being led away to be killed in one of the killing camps. There was nothing he could, but only to resign from the army and went to the village.

President Kiir would have avoided all these miseries. First of all he has a soft spirit. At least I have seen the president weeps more than four times in public as he makes public speech. He looks a jolly man but how he could degenerate to this level of savagery is beyond comprehension. I am reminded that the problem is not only the personality of the president, but a system he nurtured and the people who now hold high places not only in his national government but also the states government throughout the country. Look at snap shot of president Kiir’s line up of appointments;   

List of SPLM Political Bureau Members

No.	Name	Position	State	Tribe
1.	Cde. Salva Kiir Mayardit	Chairman	Warrap	Dinka
2.	Dr. Riek Machar Teny	1st Vice Chairman	Unity	Nuer
3.	Cde. James Wani Igga	2nd Vice Chairman	Central Equatoria	Bari
4.	Cde. Malik Agar	3rd Vice Chairman	Blue Nile	Funj
5.	Cde. Pagan Amum Ukec	Secretary General	Upper Nile	Shilluk
6.	Dr. Ann Itto	Deputy Secretary General for Southern Sector	Eastern Equatoria	Madi
7.	Cde. Yasir Saed Arman	Deputy Secretary General for Northern Sector	Northerner	Khartoum
8.	Cde. Daniel Awet Akot	Member	Lakes	Dinka
9.	Cde. Kuol Manyang Juuk	Member	Jonglei	Dinka
10.	Cde. Rebecca Nyandeng de Mabior	Member	Jonglei	Dinka
11.	Cde. John Luk Jok	Member	Jonglei	Nuer
12.	Cde. Jamie Nunu Komba	Member	W. Equatoria	Zande
13.	Cde. Mark Nyipuoc Obong	Member	W. Bahr El Gazal	Jurchol
14.	Cde. Clement Wani Konga	Member	C. Equatoria	Mundari
15.	Cde. Alisio Emore Ojatuk	Member	E. Equatoria	Lotuka
16.	Cde. Taban Deng Gai	Member	Unity	Nuer
17.	Cde, Paul Mayom Akec	Member	Lakes	Dinka
18.	Cde. Awut Deng Acuil	Member	Warrap	Dinka
19.	Cde. Akol Paul	Member	Warrap	Dinka
20.	Cde. Deng Alor Kuol	Member	Abyei	Dinka
21.	Cde. Nhial Deng Nhial	Member	Warrap	Dinka
22.	Cde. (Late) Samson Kwaji	Member	C. Equatoria	Pajulu
23.	Cde. Paul Malong Awan	Member	N. Bahr El-Gazal	Dinka
24.	Cde. Lual Diing Wol	Member	N. Bahr El- Gazal	Dinka
25.	Cde. Abdul Aziz Adam El Allawe	Member	Nuba Mountains	Nuba

 List of GOSS Presidential Advisors:

S/No.	Name	Position	State	Region	Tribe
1.	Fr. Pio Kuac	Religious Affairs	Upper Nile	G. Equatoria	Shilluk
2.	Mr. John Kong Nyuon	Security Affairs	Jonglei	G. Upper Nile	Nuer
3.	Dr. Joseph Nguen M.	Social Service	Unity	G. Upper Nile	Nuer
4.	Mr. Kennedy Kayin	Peace and Reconciliation	Jonglei	G. Upper Nile	Murle
5.	Mr. Kong Kong Bol	Border Conflicts Resolution	Unity	G. Upper Nile	Nuer
6.	Mr. Alfred Lado Gore	Diplomacy	C. Equatoria	G. Equatoria	Bari
7.	Mr. Tor Deng Mawien	Decentralization & Inter-Governmental Linkage	Warrap	G. Bahr El- Gazal	Dinka
8.	Madam Rebecca  Nyandeng de-Mabior	Gender& Human Rights	Jonglei	G. Upper Nile	Dinka
9.	Mr. Lual Diing Wol	Political Affairs	N. Bhar El-Ghazal	G. Bhar El-Ghazal	Dinka
10.	Mr. Joseph Lagu Yanga	Special Advisor	E. Quatoria	G. Equatoria	Madi
11.	Mr. Telar Ring Deng	Legal Advisor	Lakes	G. Bahr El-Gazal	Dinka
12.	Lt. Gen. Salva Mathok Geng	Advisor on SPLA Affairs	Warrap	G. Bhar El-Gazal	Dinka
13.	Steven Madut Bak	Regional Cooperation Affairs	Warrap	G. Bahr El-Gazal	Dinka
14.	Cornillo Befo	Monitoring and Integrity in Governance	C. Equatoria	G. Equatoria	Bari

List of GOSS Ministers:

S/No.	Name	Ministry	State	Region	Tribe
1.	Mr. Kosti Manibi	Cabinet Affairs	Western Equatoria	G. Equatoria	Moru
2.	Dr. Cirino Hiteng	Presidential  Affairs	Eastern Equatoria	G. Equatoria	Lotuka
3.	Mr. Nhial Deng Nhial	SPLA & Veteran Affairs	Warrap	G. Bhar El-Ghazal	Dinka
4.	Mr. Gier Chuang Aluong	Internal  Affairs	Jonglei	G. Upper Nile	Dinka
5.	Mr. David Deng Athorbei	Finance & Economic Planning	Lakes	G. Bhar El-Ghazal	Dinka
6.	Dr. Barnaba Marial Benjamin	Information	Jonglei	G. Upper Nile	Nuer
7.	Mr. Michael Makuei Lueth	Parliamentary Affairs	Jonglei	G. Upper Nile	Dinka
8.	Mr. Madut Biar Yiel	Telecommunication and Postal Services	N. Bahr El-Gazal	G. Bahr El-Gazal	Dinka
9.	Mrs. Nyanlok Tiong Garluak	Animal Recourses and Fishers	Unity	G. Equatoria	Nuer
10.	Mrs. Awut Deng Achuil	Labour, and Public Service.	Warrap	G. Bhar El-Ghazal	Dinka
11.	Mr. Lino Makana	Transports and Road	W. Equatoria	G. Equatoria	Zande
12.	Mrs Jamie Nunu Komba	Housing & Physical Planning	W. Equatoria	G. Equatoria	Zande
13.	Dr. Ann Ito	Agriculture & Forestry	E. Equatoria	G. Equatoria	Madi
14.	Mr. John Luk Jok	Legal Affairs & Constitutional Development	Jonglei	G. Upper Nile	Nuer
15.	Dr. Luka Manoja	Health	C. Equatoria	G. Equatoria	Bari
16.	Ms. Agnes Losuba	Gender, Social Welfare& Religious Affairs	Central E. State	G. Equatoria	Kakwa
17.	Mr. Stephen Dhieu	Commerce & Industry	Upper Nile	G. Upper Nile	Dinka
18.	Mr. Deng Alor Kuol	Regional Cooperation	Abyei	Abyei	Dinka
19.	Mr. Garang Diing Akuong	Energy & Mining	N. Bhar El Gazal	G. Bhar El Gazal	Dinka
20.	Jemmy Lemi Milla (late)	Cooperatives & Rural Develop.	C. Equatoria	G. Equatoria	Pajulu
21.	Dr. Michael Mille Hussien	Education	W. Bahr El-Gazal	G. Bahr El-Gazal	Fertit
22.	Mr. Gabriel Changson Chang	Culture & Heritage	Upper Nile	G. Upper Nile	Nuer
23.	Lt. Gen. Oyay Deng Ajak	Investment	Upper Nile	G. Upper Nile	Shilluk
24.	Mr. Abdallah Albert	Wildelife Conservation & Tourism	E. Equatoria	G; Equatoria	Abakaya
25.		Environment
26.	Mr. Joseph Ukel	Higher Education, Science & Technology	W. Bahr El-Gazel	G. Bahr El-Gazal	Jurchol
27.	Mr. Makuach Teny Yok	Youth, Sports & Recreation	Unity	G. Upper Nile	Nuer
28.	Mr. James Kok Ruai	Humanitarian Affairs & Disaster Management	Jonglei	G. Upper Nile	Nuer
29.	Mr. Paul Mayom Akec	Water Resources & Irrigation	Lakes	G. Bahr El-Gazal	Dinka
30.	Mr. Pagan Amum Ukac	Peace & CPA Affairs	Upper Nile	G. Upper Nile	Shilluk
31.	Mary Jervas Yak	Human Resource Development	Warrap	G. Bahr El-Gazal	Dinka

List of GOSS Independent Commissions and Chambers:

S/No.	Name	Commission	State	Region	Tribe
1.	Dr. Pauline Riak	Anti-corruption	Lakes	G. Bhar El-Ghazal	Dinka
2.	Dr. Deng Dongring	Public Grievances Chamber	Warrap	G. Bhar El-Ghazal	Dinka
3.	Mr. Steven Wondu	Auditor Chamber	C. Equatoria	G. Equatoria	Kuku
4.	Rev. William Chan	Relief & Rehabilitation	Warrap	G. Bahr El Gazal	Dinka
5.	Mr. Jurkuc Barac	De-mining Authority	Jonglei	G. Upper Nile	Dinka
6.	Mr. Peter Guang Akiech	Peace & Reconciliation	Upper Nile	G. Upper Nile	Shilluk
7.	Mr. William Deng Deng	Demobilization, Disarmament Reintegration	Warrap	G. Bhar El-Ghazal	Dinka
8.	Dr. Bellario Ahoy Ngong	HIV/AIDS	N. Bhar El-Ghazal	G. Bhar El-Ghazal	Lotuka
10.	Mr. Isaiah Chol Aruai	Census, Statistic and Evaluation	Jonglei	G. Upper Nile	Dinka
11.	Mr Lawrence Korbandy	Human Rights	W. Equatoria	G. Equatoria	Moru
12.	Alikaya Aligo Samson	Reconstruction and Development Fund	C. Equatoria	G. Equatoria	Kakwa
13.	Mrs Philister Baya Lawiri	Civil service	E. Equatoria	G. Equatoria	Lokoro
14.	Mr. Robert Lado Loki	Land Commission	Central Equatoria	G. Equatoria	Kakwa
15.	Mr. Dhiou Mathok	Employees Justice Chamber	N. Bahr El-Gazal	G. Bhar El –Gazal	Dinka
16.	Mr. Ben Robin Oduho	War disable, Widow & Orphans	E. Equatoria	G. Equatoria	Lotuka
17.	Prof. Ajuoi Magot Chol	Southern Electricity Corporation	Jonglei	G. Upper Nile	Dinka
18.	Mr. Gabriel Mathiang Rok	Southern Sudan Fiscal, Financial Allocation & Monitoring	Lakes	G. Bahr El-Gazal	Dinka
19.	Mr. Kawach Makuei	War Veterans	N. Bahr El-Gazal	G. Bahr El-Gazal	Dinka
20.	Mr. Daniel Deng Lual	Bureau for Community on Small Arms Control	Warrap	G. Bahr El-Gazal	Dinka
21.	Mr. Koak Guok	Local Government Board	Upper Nile	G. Upper Nile	Nuer

List of GOSS Under-secretaries: 

S/No.	Name	Ministry	State	Tribe
1.	Selvatoria Garang Mabior	Finance and Economic Planning ( Finance)	Warrap	Dinka
2.	Aggrey Tisa Saboni	Finance and Economic Planning ( Planning)	C. Equatoria	Kuku
3.	Elisabeth Manoa Majok	Commerce & Industry	Jonglei	Dinka
4.	William Ater Machiek	Energy and Mining	Lakes	Dinka
5.	Juma Stephen Luga	Telecommunications & Postal  Services	Central Equatoria	Bari
6.	Martin Mou Mou	Education , Science& Technology	Warrap	Dinka
7.	Dr.Olivia G. Lomoru	Health	E. Equatoria	Lango
8.	Eng. Reymond Pitya	Roads & Transport	Central Equatoria	Bari
9.	Ochan John Bongomin	Electricity Corporation	E. Equatoria	Acholi
10.	Dr. Daniel Wani	Wildlife Conservation & Tourism	Central Equatria	Bari
11.	Crispin Abugo Paul	Urban Water Corporation	W. Bhar El-Ghazal
12.	Eng. Isaac Liabwel C. Yol	Water Resource & Irrigation	Lakes	Dinka
13.	Jaden Emilio	Agriculture and Forestry( Forestry )	Central Equatoria	Pajulu
14.		Agriculture and Forestry ( Agriculture)	Warrap	Dinka
15.	Dr. Mokuei Malual	Animal Resources and Fisheries	Warrap	Dinka
16.	Bortel Mori Nyomble	Co-operatives &Rural Development	W.Equatoria	Bari
17.	Mrs Salwa Jebril	President’s Office	Warrap	Dinka
18.	Abdon Agaw	Cabinet Affairs	Jonglei	Dinka
19.	Mark Nyikang Yomon	Southern Sudan Legislative Assembly	Upper Nile	Shilluk
20.	Mrs Rebecca Jashua	Labour, Public service &HRD	Upper Nile	Shilluk
21.	Dr. Julia Aker Duany	Parliamentary Affairs	Jonglei	Nuer
22.	Mr. Majok Guandong	Regional Co-operation	Jonglei	Nuer
23.	Gordon Soro Yisaya	Local Government Board	Central Equatoria	Bari
28.	Justice. Reuben Madol	Judiciary of Southern Sudan	Warrap	Dinka
29.	Jeremiah Sawaka	Legal Affairs& Constitutional Development	C. Equatoria	Bari
30.	Mrs. Margret Matthew Mathiang	Gender, Social Welfare& Religious Affairs	Unity	Nuer
31.	Peter Baptist Abaker	Culture & Heritage	W. Bhar El-Ghazal	Balanda
32.	Justice John Wuol Makec	President, Judiciary S. Sudan	Warrap	Dinka
33.	Justice Chan Rech Madut	Vice President, Judiciary SS	Warrap	Dinka
34.	Mr. Elijah Malok Deng	President, Bank of S. Sudan	Jonglei	Dinka
35	Mr. Cornelio Koryom	Vice President, BOSS	Warrap	Dinka
36.	Mr. Jok Madut Jok	Youth & Sport		Dinka
37.	Mr. Michael George Garang	Information	Jonglei	Dinka
38.	Mr. Ambassador Moh Ajang	Humanitarian Affairs	Upper Nile	Dinka
39.	Mrs Beatrice	Peace & CPA Implementation	C. Equatoria	Kakwa
40.	Mr. Akuei	Investment	Jonglei	Dinka

 List of Senior Officers of the SPLA, Internal Security and other Security Organs: 

No.	Name	Position	State	Tribe
1.	1st Lt. Gen. James Hoth Mai	Chief of General Staff SPLA	Upper Nile	Nuer
2.	Lt. Gen. Ping Deng Majok	Deputy Chief of Staff for Administration & Finance	Abyei	Dinka
3.	Lt. General Deng Wek	Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations	Jonglei	Dinka
4.	Lt. General Biar Atem	Deputy Chief of Staff for Logistics	Jonglei	Dinka
5.	Lt. General Mabuto Mamur	Deputy Chief of Staff for Moral & Political Orientations	Eastern Equatoria	Lotuka
6.	Lt. General Majak Agot	South Sudan National Security Service (Special Branch)	Jonglei	Dinka
7.	1st Lt. Gen. Achuil Tito	Inspector General Police	Warrap	Dinka
8.	1st Lt. Gen. Agasio A. Tong	Inspector Gen. Prison Service	Warrap	Dinka
9.	1st Lt. Gen. Aru Maan Chot	Inspector Gen. Fire Brigade	Jonglei	Dinka
10.	Major General John Lat	Military Intelligence	Lakes	Dinka
11.	Major General Marial Nuor	Public Security	Lakes	Dinka

The list of Special Ambassadors above Grade (1)

S/N	Name
1-	Mr. Majok Guandon Thiep            –     Nuer                        Jonglei
2-	Dr. Chol Deng Alak                       –     Dinka                      Warrap
3-	Mr. Mohamed Hassan Bakeit       –                          Western Bahr el Ghazal
4-	Mr. Makelele Nyajok                     –  Mundari                  Central Equatoria
5-	Dr. Eluzai Mogga Yokwe              –      Bari                         Central Equatoria
6-	Dr. Akec Khoc Acieu                    –      Dinka                       Jonglei
7-	Mr. Sebit Abbe Alley                     –   Kakwa                     Central Equatoria

 The list of Grade (1) Ambassadors

Presidential Decree No. 19/2012 for the appointment of Grade (1) Ambassadors into the Diplomatic and consular services in the ministry of foreign Affairs and international Cooperation of the Republic of South Sudan

The Ambassadors are: –

S/N	Name
1-	Mr. Paul Macuei  Malok               –   Dinka                           Lakes
2-	Dr. Andrew Akon Akec Kuol       –   Dinka                           Warrap
3-	Mr. Kuol Alor Kuol                       –  Dinka                           Warrap

The list of Grade (2) Ambassadors

Presidential Decree No. 20/2012 for the appointment of Grade (2) Ambassadors into the Diplomatic and consular service in the ministry of foreign Affairs and international Cooperation of the Republic of South Sudan, 2012 AD

 The Ambassadors are:

S/N	Name
1-	Mr. Anthony Louis Kon  –       Dinka                                      Warrap
2-	Mr. Ajing Adiang Mariik  –      Dinka                                      Warrap
3-	Mr. Alier Deng Rual         –     Dinka                                      Jonglei
4-	Mr. Akuei Bona Malwal    –     Dinka                                      Warrap
5-	Mr. Majak Philemon Majok –  Dinka                                       Lakes
6-	Mr. Baak Valentino Wol      –  Dinka                                      Warrap
7-	Mr. John Andruga Duku      –  Madi                                          EES
8-	Mr. Mariano Deng Ngor      –   Dinka                                     Warrap
9-	Dr. Francis George Nazario –  Acholi                                     EEC
10-	Mr. Joseph Moum Majak     –   Dinka                                     Warrap
11-	Mr. Parmena Makuet Mangar –  Dinka                                   Lakes
12-	Mr. Philip Jada Natana        –    Bari                                       CES
13-	Mr. Arop Deng Kuol             –    Dinka                                    Warrap
14-	Mr. Michael Majok Ayom     –    Dinka                                    Jonglei
15-	Gabriel Gai Riak                  –    Dinka                                    Jonglei
16-	Mr. Bol Wek Agoth               –   Dinka                                    Warrap
17-	Dr. John Gai Yoh                  – Nuer                               Upper Nile
18-	Dr. Daniel Peter Othol          – Chollo                             Upper Nile
19-	Mr. Ezekiel Lol Gathouth      – Nuer                                Upper Nile
20-	Mr. Samuel Luate Lominsuk –  Kuku                              CES
21-	Mr. Awad El Karim Ibrahim Ali – Non-Dinka                   State unknown
22-	Mr. Adam Saeed AbuBakr Kabawa –  Non-Dinka          State unknown
23-	Mr. Mustafa Lowoh Walla                                  Western Equatoria
24-	Mr. Aban Yor Yor                   –  Chollo                         Upper Nile
25-	Ms. Sittona Abdalla Osman   – Dinka                           Jonglei
26-	Mr. Pidor Tut Pul                    –  Nuer                            Upper Nile
27-	Mr. James Ernest Onge          –  Acholi                          EES
28-	Mr. Jwokthab Amum Ajak       –  Chollo                          Upper Nile
29-	Mr. Paul Malong Akaro            –   Dinka                         Northern BG
30-	Mr. Deng Deng Nhial               –   Dinka                           Warrap
31-	Mr. Lazaros Akoi Arou             –   Dinka                           Jonglei
32-	Mr. Ruben Marial Benjamin Bil Lual   Nuer                           Jonglei
33-	Abdon Terkoc Matuet              –  Dinka                              Lakes
34-	Mr. James Pitia Morgan           – Kakwa                          Central Equatoria
35-	Mr. Dhanojak Obongo Othow   –  Anuak                             Jonglei
36-	Mr. Jokwen Yukwan Ayiik         –  Chollo                             Upper Nile
37-	Mr. Michael Nyang Jok             –   Dinka                            Jonglei
38-	Mr. Michael Mayiel Chuol          –   Nuer                             Unity
39-	Ms. Abuk Nikonora Manyok       –  Dinka                           Jonglei
40-	Ms. Nyandeng Joshua Dei Wal  –  Nuer                           Upper Nile
41-	Mr. Chol Mawut Unguec Ajonga  – Luo (Jurchol)               Northern BG
42-	Mr. Darius Garang Wol Mabior    –  Dinka                          Northern BG
43-	Mr. Joseph Ayok Ayok                 –  Dinka                          Northern BG

The list of Grade (3) Ambassadors

Presidential Decree No. 21/2012 for the appointment of Grade (3) Ambassadors into the Diplomatic and Consular Services in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and international Cooperation of the Republic of South Sudan 2012

S/N	Name
1-	Mr. Thiik Agoth Giir                        –  Dinka                     Warrap
2-	Mr. Nickson Deng Peter                –   Dinka                     Warrap
3-	Mr. Morris Batali Simon                 – Kakwa           Central Equatoria
4-	Ms. Mary Badoda Francis             –  Dinka                   Northern BG
5-	Mr. Hamilton Michael Lugor           –  Bari                        CES
6-	Mr. Akwoch Daniel Diing                –   Chollo                   Upper Nile
7-	Ms. Jago Arop Yor                         –   Chollo                    Upper Nile
8-	Mr. James Kur Muorwel                 –   Dinka                     Lakes
9-	Ms. Sarah Victor Bol                      –   Dinka                     Warrap
10-	Mr. William Wani Ruben                                          Central Equatoria
11-	Mr. Wol Mayar Ariec                      –  Dinka                     Warrap
12-	Mr. David Buom Choat                   –  Nuer                      Upper Nile
13-	Ms Agnes A.O Oswaha                    Lotuka                   E Equatoria
14-	Mr. Caesar Oliha Yanga                   Lotuka                  E Equatoria
15-	Mr. Garang Garang Diing                –  Dinka                  Northern BG
16-	Mr. Kau Nak Maper                         –   Dinka                  Lakes
17-	Mr. Ambrose Raphael Tamania       – Zande            Western Equatoria
18-	Mr. Kahmis Agar Wol                       –     Dinka                 Warrap
19-	Mr. Hassan Yousif Ngor                   –  Dinka                    Upper Nile
20-	Mr. John Simon Yor Kur                   –  Chollo                    Upper Nile
21-	Mr. Juma Dino Amoi                         – Lotuko          Eastern Equatoria
22-	Mr. Dominique Panthair Mading       –  Dinka                        Lakes
23-	Dr. Riek Puok Riek                           –  Nuer                       Upper Nile
24-	Mr. Martin Kahmis Tabia                   – Zande        Western Equatoria
25-	Mr. Raphael Nhial Kulang                 –  Dinka                        Lakes
26 27   28   29   30   31   32	Mr. Kureng Akuei Pac                           Dinka                  Jonglei Mr. John Samuel Bwogo                      Chollo                   Upper Nile Mr. Mayen Majak Malou                       Dinka                 Lakes Mr. Abel Moses Majok                          Dinka                   Lakes Mr. Gum Dominic Matiok                     Dinka                    Lakes Mr. Santino Fardol Watod                   Luo (Jurchol)          W. BG Mr. Christopher Leonardo Jada                                 Central Equatoria Mr. Sebit Bullen Kamonde                                       Central Equatoria Ms. Natalina Edward Mou                 Dinka                Warrap Dr. Mawien Makol Ariik                      Dinka                 Warrap Ms. Santina Sita Ndefu                                             Western Equatoria Mr. Akec Chol Ahou                           Dinka                   Jonglei

SUMMARY

Number of Ambassadors by Tribe:

 

Oyet Nathaniel Pierino is a member of the ruling SPLM Party. He is a Political and strategic Analyst, Lecturer, and Head of Department of Political Science at the University of Juba.